Vaccination accelerates the race of influenza virus against collective immunity.

Authors

Igor M Rouzine

Published in

PLoS pathogens. Volume 22. Issue 10. Pages e1014311. Oct 12, 2026. Epub Oct 12, 2026.

Abstract

Respiratory viruses persist in a population, because their rapid evolution allows them to escape recognition by antibodies in previously-infected individuals. To optimize parameters of an effective vaccine, an epidemiological model of a population infected with an evolving virus is coupled to a model of multi-locus evolution. Model parameters are informed from influenza virus data. The cases of overlapping and non-overlapping effect of consecutive vaccinations are considered. The results predict that vaccination will accelerate viral evolution and may even increase infection incidence, unless one of two scenarios takes place: either antibodies elicited by vaccine are more broadly neutralizing than antibodies to natural infection, or the vaccine vector lies slightly ahead of the dominant virus variant in the evolutionary trajectory. These results suggest that the probabilistic prognosis of virus evolution represents a promising strategy of vaccine improvement complementing the search for broadly-neutralizing vaccines.

PMID:
42862853
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Oct 2026.

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