Trade-offs determine plant responses to ozone pollution.

Authors

Bo Shang, Evgenios Agathokleous, Vicent Calatayud, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Zhaozhong Feng

Published in

Trends in plant science. Oct 12, 2026. Epub Oct 12, 2026.

Abstract

Tropospheric ozone (O₃₎ triggers interconnected plant responses across physiological, whole-plant, and ecological scales. This review presents trade-offs as a unifying framework for understanding these responses. Stomatal closure limits both O₃ entry and carbon gain, creating an avoidance-photosynthesis trade-off and influencing water relations. Resulting carbon constraints drive allocation trade-offs between growth and defense and between roots and shoots. These shifts cascade to trophic interactions, altering plant-insect and plant-microbe dynamics. In agriculture, differential sensitivity of grain biomass and nutrient accumulation produces an apparent yield-quality trade-off. This framework explains how O₃ interacts with other global changes, with outcomes varying by stress intensity and plant type. Deciphering this hierarchy of interconnected trade-offs is crucial for predicting future impacts and guiding crop breeding and conservation.

PMID:
42864201
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Oct 2026.

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