Retinal proteomics in neurodegeneration: Insights into ocular and brain disorders.

Authors

Shahab Mirshahvaladi, Bhakta Prasad Gaire, Sara Assar Kashani, Aparajeeta Guha, Yosef Koronyo, Dieu-Trang Fuchs, Yuyi You, Keith L Black, Joao A Paulo, Stuart L Graham, Vivek Gupta, Mehdi Mirzaei, Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui

Published in

Neural regeneration research. Volume 21. Issue 10. Pages 4690-4703. Oct 01, 2026. Epub Oct 30, 2025.

Abstract

Dysregulated proteome in the retina represents a promising avenue for discovering novel therapeutic targets and noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases with ocular manifestations. Advanced mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques have shown considerable potential in investigating the retinal proteome in diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, as well as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Recent proteomics innovations are overcoming challenges such as limited sample size and protein coverage that previously hindered comprehensive retinal proteome analysis. Notably, the incorporation of artificial intelligence-driven computational pipelines, including Graphics Processing Unit-accelerated deep learning architectures, has markedly enhanced the precision and effectiveness of retinal proteomics. These advances facilitate high-resolution identification of novel protein signatures within large-scale multi-omics datasets. Furthermore, the integration of advanced artificial intelligence with state-of-the-art big data infrastructures supports the early detection of biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases with ocular involvement, offering unprecedented disease specificity and sensitivity. In addition to these computational strides, emerging complementary and alternative technologies continue to provide valuable tools for retinal analysis, expanding the potential for identifying biomarker and therapeutic targets in both ophthalmic and neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes recent advancements in retinal proteomics, with a particular focus on neurodegenerative and ocular diseases.

PMID:
41169217
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 16 Oct 2026.

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