Authors
Yang Guan, Bing Qian He, Zhen Hua Sheng, Linghao Dai, Lin Yan Wang
Published in
Analytica chimica acta. Volume 1424. Pages 346239. Nov 22, 2026. Epub Sep 08, 2026.
Abstract
Dammarane-type ginsenosides (DTGs) exhibit extensive isomerism including aglycone isomers, glycosylation site isomers, double-bond positional isomers, and R/S configurational isomers. Many of these isomers co-elute in liquid chromatography and are difficult to distinguish by MS/MS alone, compromising the accuracy of identification in Panax ginseng extract. Consequently, a more systematic approach is needed to separate and identify these isomers.
Multi-pass cyclic ion mobility (cIMS) was validated on both reference standards and Panax ginseng extracts for its ability to resolve challenging DTG isomers. Following optimization of the trap collision energy, a systematic putative identification strategy was established by integrating MS/MS data, CCS values of intact DTGs, and CCS values of their characteristic aglycone fragments. This approach enables the differentiation of aglycone isomers, sugar type isomers, glycosidic linkage isomers, glycosylation site isomers, R/S configurational isomers and double-bond positional isomers, markedly improving the reliability of identification.
The use of characteristic CCS values of homologous aglycones offers a complementary approach for inferring C-20 R/S configurations, which may help to address a key limitation of conventional MS in certain cases. While the current study focuses on ginsenosides, this workflow-particularly the integration of MS/MS with aglycone CCS data-may serve as a useful reference for isomer identification in other natural products with similar isomeric complexity.
PMID:
42887982
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Oct 2026.
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