Microbiome-urothelium crosstalk in bladder cancer: From dysbiosis to clinical translation.

Authors

Haoxiang Xu, Zhibiao Li, Lin Yang, Jun Zheng, Weijia Li, Rulin Liao, Wenxue Huang, Boyuan Sun, Zhuohang Li, Cunzhen Ma, Xunguo Yang, Zongwei Wang, Jie Zhao, Bisheng Cheng, Peng Wu

Published in

iMetaOmics. Volume 3. Issue 1. Pages e70081. Epub Feb 14, 2026.

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BCa) ranks among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed distinct urinary microbial signatures that differentiate healthy individuals from BCa patients. While growing evidence implicates microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic response of BCa, establishing a direct causal relationship remains challenging due to methodological heterogeneity across studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the human urinary microbiome (urobiome) in both health and disease states. It critically examines the evidence for microbiome involvement in BCa and discusses potential mechanisms, such as chronic inflammation, immune modulation, and genotoxin production, through which the microbiota may influence carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we explore the translational potential of urinary microbiota profiling as a biomarker for risk stratification and for predicting responses to intravesical therapies and immunotherapy in BCa patients. Unraveling the complexities of host-microbe interactions in BCa is essential for developing novel strategies for its prevention and personalized treatment.

PMID:
42891336
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 18 Oct 2026.

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