Effects of cultivation methods and growth stages on bioactive compound profiles and antioxidant capacity in Ganoderma lucidum: a comparative analysis of normal versus antler-shaped fruiting bodies.

Authors

Yongtao Xia, Rui Ni, Fuming He, Fuyuan Liu, Tingting Wang, Ziyu Yang, Chenjing Li, Hanjun Weng, Dongmei Wu, Neng Gao, Zhihua Sun, Dingguo Zhang, Li Zhang, Xinyong Guo

Published in

Food chemistry: X. Volume 39. Pages 104576. Epub Oct 09, 2026.

Abstract

This study investigates how culture condition and growth stage affect morphological development, phenolic acid, flavonoid accumulation, and in vitro antioxidant capacity in Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). We found that 0.5% CO₂ stress induces antler-shaped G. lucidum (AGL) and suppresses biomass accumulation. AGL shows higher antioxidant capacity early on, while conventionally grown fruiting bodies accumulate more phenolics and flavonoids at maturity, yielding greater overall antioxidant activity. Integrated metabolomics, WGCNA, network pharmacology, and molecular docking identified phenolic acids and flavonoids as potential functional metabolites driving these differences. They are predicted to exert antioxidant effects by modulating PTGS2, PPARG, and EGFR, thereby coordinately regulating NF-κB, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, HIF-1, and p53 pathways. Docking was consistent with stable binding of characteristic monomers to target proteins. Our findings support standardized, phenotype-targeted cultivation of G. lucidum and the development of natural antioxidant food ingredients.

PMID:
42892909
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 18 Oct 2026.

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