Epidemiological Trends and Global Burden of Cervical Cancer: Insights From the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Authors

Liping Zhu, Chengyu Zhou, Yao Tong, Yanhua Zhou, Yuting Xu, Jiaojiao Liu, Xuhong Li

Published in

Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy. Volume 31. Issue 4. Pages e70362.

Abstract

Cervical cancer remains a major global health burden, with substantial geographic and sociodemographic inequalities. Although age-standardized rates have declined in many settings, changes in absolute burden, temporal turning points, demographic drivers, development-related national disparities, and non-fatal burden require further characterization. To assess global cervical cancer burden from 1990 to 2021 using GBD 2021 data, with particular emphasis on temporal changes, demographic decomposition, SDI-related national disparities, and non-fatal burden.
Annual cervical cancer estimates among females were obtained from GBD 2021 for 1990-2021. Incidence, deaths, DALYs, prevalence, and YLDs were examined globally, across five SDI groups, 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories. Joinpoint regression was used to identify temporal changes in ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR. Changes in absolute burden were decomposed into population growth, population ageing, and epidemiological change. National observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios were estimated from spline-modeled relationships between SDI and age-standardized rates.
Globally, incident cases, deaths, and DALYs increased by 63.0%, 40.3%, and 33.6%, respectively, whereas ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR declined by 15.5%, 32.0%, and 31.4%. Joinpoint analysis identified periods of plateau and rebound within the overall declining trends. Population growth was the largest contributor to increasing absolute burden, while epidemiological change partly offset mortality and DALY increases. SDI was inversely associated with ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR in 2021, but substantial national O/E variation persisted. Prevalent cases increased by 80.9% and YLDs by 76.3%, despite little change in age-standardized prevalence and a modest decline in the age-standardized YLD rate.
Despite declining age-standardized mortality and DALY rates, the absolute and non-fatal burden of cervical cancer continues to increase, largely under demographic pressure. Uneven temporal and national patterns highlight the need to complement prevention and treatment efforts with greater attention to survivorship and long-term functional health.

PMID:
42894979
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 19 Oct 2026.

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