Influence of dentin depth and hemostatic contamination on microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive: Effect of phosphoric acid re-etching as a rescue protocol.

Authors

Gaurav Patri, Debkant Jena, Prasanti Kumari Pradhan, Pratik Agrawal, Akansha Tilokani, Swadheena Patro

Published in

Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry. Volume 18. Issue 9. Pages e1068-e1075. Epub Aug 28, 2026.

Abstract

This study evaluated the influence of dentin depth and surface treatment on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin contaminated with an aluminum chloride hemostatic agent, and assessed the effectiveness of phosphoric acid re-etching as a contamination management strategy.
Sixty extracted human third molars were assigned to six groups (n=10) based on dentin depth (superficial or deep) and surface treatment (control, contamination, and contamination followed by phosphoric acid re-etching). A universal adhesive was applied in self-etch mode for control and contamination groups, and in etch-and-rinse mode following the rescue protocol. Composite build-up was performed and specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycles). µTBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p<0.05). Failure modes were evaluated using stereomicroscopy and analyzed with Pearson's chi-square test.
Superficial dentin demonstrated significantly higher µTBS than deep dentin (p<0.001). Aluminum chloride contamination significantly reduced bond strength in both substrates (p<0.05). Phosphoric acid re-etching significantly improved bond strength in superficial dentin (p<0.05) but did not restore control values. In deep dentin, the rescue protocol did not significantly improve bond strength (p>0.05). A significant interaction between dentin depth and surface treatment was observed (p=0.001).
Dentin depth significantly influences the effectiveness of contamination management strategies. Phosphoric acid re-etching partially restores bond strength in superficial dentin but is ineffective in deep dentin, indicating that contamination management is substrate-dependent.

PMID:
42894718
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 19 Oct 2026.

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