Psychopathological and psychosexual profile and therapy for patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome: a narrative review.

Authors

Patryk Osiński, Alicja B Roztocka, Karolina M Trojnar, Izabella Brykczyńska, Izabela Stefaniak

Published in

Postepy psychiatrii neurologii. Volume 35. Issue 2. Pages 194-206. Epub Sep 22, 2026.

Abstract

The objective of this review is to present androgen insensitivity syndrome as a multidimensional disorder, with a focus on psychological issues, gender identity, and sexual functioning. It also discusses therapeutic options, such as psychological and psychiatric support.
Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare disorder of sex development that occurs in individuals with an XY karyotype. It is caused by a mutation in the androgen receptor gene, leading to reduced sensitivity to androgens. There are three forms: mild, partial, and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Individuals with a 46,XY karyotype may exhibit female, male, or ambiguous phy-sical characteristics. This condition is associated with medical, psychological, sexual, and gender identity difficulties. Those affected may experience depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. Those with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome usually identify as female, while those with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome often experience gender identity conflicts and sexual dysfunction.
Patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome experience issues with sexuality, gender identity, and mental health. Every patient needs a personalized approach that includes medical and psychological support. The diagnosis and treatment of androgen insensitivity syndrome should not only consider medical interventions. A long-term care model is necessary that considers spheres of life such as identity, sexuality, and mental health. A comprehensive approach can improve quality of life and minimize the risk of future psychological and psychosexual problems.

PMID:
42898845
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 20 Oct 2026.

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