Authors
Imran Shakir, Hayat Khan, Muhammad Tahir Amin, Fiaz Hussain
Published in
Nanoscale. Oct 20, 2026. Epub Oct 20, 2026.
Abstract
Approximately 80% of our energy needs are fulfilled by fossil fuels, leading to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and environmental deterioration. Consequently, there is a growing global effort to identify sustainable alternatives for power generation. Among renewable resources, solar energy is prominent because of its minimal environmental impact. In this study, a numerical simulation of a lead-free organic-inorganic photovoltaic device based on the ZnSe/Na2AgRhBr6/CsSnI3/Spiro-OMeTAD heterostructure was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics. ZnSe functioned as an electron-transport layer, while Na2AgRhBr6 and CsSnI3 served as absorber layers for efficient photon harvesting, and a hole-transport layer was formed using Spiro-OMeTAD. The device characteristics were assessed by varying the thickness of layers, temperature, and carrier concentrations. The simulation yielded a short-circuit current density of 31.192 mA cm-2 when the acceptor concentration was 1 × 1020 cm-3. At the lowest investigated temperature of 275 K, the maximum power density (211.32 W m-2) was attained by the device, with a corresponding efficiency of 21.13%. The elevated temperatures caused thermal vibrations, resulting in reduced efficiency (19.01%). The resistance analysis revealed that for a device to work efficiently, lower series resistance, higher shunt resistance, and moderate values of the characteristic resistance are required. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed structure for efficient photovoltaic applications.
PMID:
42900492
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 21 Oct 2026.
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