Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil inhibits biofilm formation and disrupts pre-formed biofilms in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an in vitro study.

Authors

Aalia Khanem, Farhan Younas, Ikram Ullah, Islam-Ud-Din

Published in

Future microbiology. Pages 1-12. Oct 20, 2026. Epub Oct 20, 2026.

Abstract

P. aeruginosa biofilms enable persistent colonization. This study evaluated Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil (EUEO) against twenty four clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.
EUEO was obtained by hydro-distillation and characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion, MIC and MBC. Biofilm inhibition (oil added at the start of incubation) and disruption (oil added to 18-h pre-formed biofilms) were quantified. Membrane damage was inferred from the leakage of cytoplasmic content after 4, 8, and 12 h of exposure at 1×MIC.
EUEO was rich in Eucalyptol, comprising 90%. 79.16% isolates formed strong biofilms with OD >0.240, 12.5% showed no biofilm formation (OD <0.120) and 8.3% had moderate biofilms (OD 0.120-0.240). MICs ranged from 3.125 to 25 µg/mL and MBCs from 25 to 50 µg/mL. At 1×MIC, EUEO reduced biofilm formation by 40-85.71% and reduced the biomass of pre-formed biofilms by 46-90%. Time-dependent increase in release of cytoplasmic content, post EUEO exposure was consistent with loss of membrane integrity.
These in vitro findings suggest that EUEO may be a candidate natural agent against P. aeruginosa biofilms, although viability-based and in vivo studies are needed to confirm this.

PMID:
42902604
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 21 Oct 2026.

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