Intrinsic $i$ -Wave Altermagnetism in 2D Graphene Superlattices.

Authors

Cuiju Yu, Jose L Lado

Published in

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany). Pages e78167. Oct 20, 2026. Epub Oct 20, 2026.

Abstract

Altermagnets feature unconventional magnetism due to their momentum-dependent spin splitting purely driven by magnetic order, for which a variety of transition-metal-based $d$ -wave altermagnets have been proposed. However, carbon-based altermagnets remain largely unexplored, even though magnetism of graphene nanostructures has been widely demonstrated. Here, through a comprehensive symmetry analysis, we establish a symmetry-guided design principle for realizing higher-order $i$ -wave altermagnetism in graphene antidot superlattices and demonstrate its emergence in both monolayer and bilayer graphene, particularly in the Bernal-stacked bilayer. By combining atomistic tight binding models and first principles methods, we show the appearance of an interaction-induced $i$ -wave altermagnetic splitting, originating from the intrinsic magnetic instability of 2D graphene antidot superlattices. Our work establishes a strategy to engineer $i$ -wave altermagnetism in a graphene platform, extending the materials landscape beyond conventional $d$ -wave altermagnets and putting forward a carbon-based platform for higher-order altermagnetic spintronics.

PMID:
42902492
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 21 Oct 2026.

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