Hybrid exosome-liposome nanovesicles as delivery platforms for therapeutic applications: merging the best of both worlds.

Authors

Jian Yu, Lujiao Yu, Fei Ren, Kai Cui, Gongping Sun, Hong Pan

Published in

Theranostics. Volume 16. Issue 16. Pages 9261-9276. Epub Sep 18, 2026.

Abstract

Exosomes are increasingly employed to treat various diseases because of their remarkable ability to enhance the stability of encapsulated cargoes. This capability is attributed to their outstanding homologous targeting, desirable biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity, thereby contributing to improved therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, exosomes are constrained by some limitations, including poor loading capacity, inherent heterogeneity, and challenges in large-scale production. Consequently, hybrid exosome-liposome (EL) systems, which can circumvent these limitations, are playing an increasingly crucial role in therapeutic applications. Herein, we introduce the two primary strategies for drug loading into exosomes -- passive loading and active loading. We further elaborate on the fabrication methods of hybrid ELs and their applications in drug delivery, highlighting the innate advantages of these state-of-the-art nanovesicles over conventional exosomes and liposomes. Major challenges and future perspectives of hybrid ELs in treating various diseases are also discussed.

PMID:
42909294
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 23 Oct 2026.

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