Cultural adaptation to Quechua and psychometric properties of the Family APGAR Scale in Peruvian adults in the San Martín Region.

Authors

Milagros Silvia Tenazoa-Mendoza, Sara Richard-Pérez, Julio Cjuno

Published in

Medwave. Volume 26. Issue 9. Pages e3208. Oct 23, 2026. Epub Oct 23, 2026.

Abstract

To adapt the Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve) score to the Quechua language spoken in San Martín and evaluate its structural validity, reliability, convergent validity, and differential item functioning (DIF) among adults in the Peruvian Amazon.
After forward and backward translation (Spanish-Quechua of San Martín-Spanish), the Family APGAR underwent cultural adaptation through expert review and a focus group from the target population. In a non-probabilistic sample of 402 Quechua-speaking adults from San Martín, Peru, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess factorial structure. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Differential item functioning was examined using purified MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) models.
The unidimensional model showed adequate fit (comparative fit index = 0.993; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.987; standardized root mean square residual = 0.044; root mean square error of approximation = 0.074), acceptable reliability (α = 0.78; ω = 0.79), and satisfactory convergent validity (average variance extracted = 0.52). Limited differential item functioning was identified: P4 showed differential item functioning by residence (β = 0.193; pBH < .001) and P3 by marital status (β = -0.117; pBH = .039), while no robust age-related differential item functioning was observed.
The Quechua version of the Family APGAR showed a unidimensional structure with adequate validity and reliability. Overall psychometric performance was satisfactory, although the identified item-level differential item functioning should be considered when interpreting scores across sociodemographic groups.

PMID:
42909350
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 23 Oct 2026.

Read full publication at:
Please sign in to see all details.

Stats

1-terrible, 9-excellent. How would you rate this publication? Sign in in to submit your rating.

Post a comment

You need to be signed in to post comments. You can sign in here.

Comments

There are no comments yet.