Authors
Mark L Cannon, John Peldyak, David J Vigerust
Published in
Dentistry journal. Volume 14. Issue 10. Oct 01, 2026. Epub Oct 01, 2026.
Abstract
The oral cavity is a continuous microbial source for the gastrointestinal tract. Adults swallow approximately 0.5-1.5 L of saliva each day, carrying a large and variable bacterial load. Gastric acidity removes most ingested organisms, but survival increases with food buffering, acid tolerance, mucin or biofilm protection, and proton-pump inhibitor use. Oral taxa are therefore repeatedly detected in stool, intestinal mucosa, and diseased tissues. The strongest mechanistic evidence concerns Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer and Porphyromonas gingivalis in inflammatory and metabolic pathways, although detection alone does not prove stable colonization or causality. This narrative review summarizes microbial transit, key taxa, salivaomics, systemic associations, and practical oral control points. It also identifies clinical control points, including probiotics and polyols such as xylitol, as selective microbiome-modulating adjuncts at varying stages of evidence. The evidence suggests a strong clinical message: treat oral dysbiosis for established dental reasons, while paired oral and gut studies determine when downstream systemic benefits are achieved.
PMID:
42930391
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 26 Oct 2026.
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