Genetic diversity of inclusion body hepatitis-associated fowl adenoviruses in Thailand from 2014 to 2025.

Authors

Ploypassorn Homklinkaew, Sittinee Kulprasertsri, Sakuna Phatthanakunanan, Kanyakodchanan Woramahatthanon, Kriangkrai Witoonsatian, Pun Panomwan, Thaweesak Songserm, Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul

Published in

Research in veterinary science. Volume 213. Pages 106451. Oct 24, 2026. Epub Oct 24, 2026.

Abstract

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), caused by fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs), is an important disease affecting poultry health and production. Limited cross-protection among heterologous FAdV serotypes makes molecular surveillance essential for guiding disease prevention and control. Nevertheless, serotype distribution and genetic diversity of IBH-associated FAdVs in Thailand remain limited. To address this gap, a retrospective molecular study analyzed 56 FAdV-positive chickens associated with IBH or suspected IBH that were submitted for diagnostic investigation between 2014 and 2025. A partial hexon L1-loop region was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by phylogenetic and deduced amino-acid comparisons. The isolates were classified into three serotypes: FAdV-8b, FAdV-11, and FAdV-2. FAdV-8b was the most frequently detected serotype, accounting for 30/56 isolates (53.57%), followed by FAdV-11 with 23/56 isolates (41.07%) and FAdV-2 with 3/56 isolates (5.36%). Temporal differences in serotype distribution were observed among the sequenced diagnostic submissions. All sequences collected during 2014-2018 belonged to species D and included FAdV-2 and FAdV-11. FAdV-8b was first detected in this dataset in 2019, and it accounted for 30 of the 35 sequences obtained during 2019-2025. Phylogenetic analysis separated Thai FAdV-8b isolates into three groups and FAdV-2 isolates into two groups, while FAdV-11 isolates were highly conserved within the analyzed region. Group-associated amino-acid substitutions were mainly located in the hypervariable regions of the Hexon L1-loop, suggesting potential relevance to within-serotype antigenic variation. Overall, these findings provide updated molecular epidemiological information on IBH-associated FAdVs in Thailand and underscore the need for continued molecular surveillance to inform diagnostic strategies and vaccine selection.

PMID:
42933365
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 27 Oct 2026.

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