Modulating Ru-O Covalency Enables Suppressed Lattice Oxygen Pathway and Ru Dissolution for Robust Acidic Chlorine Evolution.

Authors

Jiapeng Ji, Zhixian Mao, Shan Chen, Xiaolong Zhang, Huajie Yin

Published in

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). Oct 27, 2026. Epub Oct 27, 2026.

Abstract

The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is central to chlor-alkali electrolysis, yet Ru‑based anodes often suffer from competitive oxygen evolution and anodic dissolution under acidic potentials. Here, we report 2D ultrathin amorphous Sn‑doped RuO_x nanosheets prepared via atomic engineering, in which Ru-O covalency and the Ru oxidation state are simultaneously modulated. Structural and spectroscopic analyses indicate that Ru centers are stabilized against over‑oxidation, suppressing the formation of volatile RuO₄ or soluble RuO₅ ^2-. Operando attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, combined with ¹⁸O isotope labeling, reveals negligible lattice‑oxygen participation and a preference for direct Cl^- adsorption, thereby suppressing oxygen evolution and promoting CER. The optimized Ru-based catalyst achieves high CER selectivity (∼97%), long-term stability (>300 h), and mass activity nearly 40 times higher than commercial benchmarks. These results highlight the significant potential of metal-oxide bond-covalency modulation as a viable strategy for durable anodic oxidation electrocatalysis.

PMID:
42945413
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 28 Oct 2026.

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