Authors
Yuxia Zhang, Dingding Wang, Wei Song
Published in
Frontiers in pediatrics. Volume 14. Pages 1948533. Epub Oct 13, 2026.
Abstract
Few studies have compared insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in children with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) against a shared non-diabetic reference group.
We retrospectively analyzed data from 70 children with T1DM, 14 with T2DM, and 196 children in a non-diabetic comparison group. IGF-1, HbA1c, C-peptide, and anthropometric data were compared using nonparametric tests and multivariable regression of log-transformed IGF-1 adjusted for age and sex, with age-adjusted partial correlations for C-peptide, HbA1c, and BMI. As a supportive analysis, IGF-1 in T1DM (n = 57) and T2DM (n = 13) was converted to age- and sex-specific SDS using an external reference and tested against zero.
Unadjusted IGF-1 was lowest in T1DM (145.0 ng/mL), intermediate in T2DM (232.0 ng/mL), and highest in the comparison group (276.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001), reflecting the younger age of the T1DM group. After adjustment, IGF-1 was lower in T1DM (-41.8%, P < 0.001) and T2DM (-39.4%, P = 0.003) than in the comparison group. No significant difference between T1DM and T2DM was detected (P = 0.83), but the 95% confidence interval was wide (-31.3% to +55.9%) because only 14 children had T2DM. Externally referenced SDS was significantly below zero in T1DM (P = 0.009) but not in T2DM (P = 0.33). C-peptide, near-absent in T1DM and preserved in T2DM, was not correlated with IGF-1 in either group.
These exploratory findings show lower age- and sex-adjusted IGF-1 in both diabetes subtypes, leave open whether the reduction differs between them, and warrant prospective studies including pubertal staging and GH-axis measurements.
PMID:
42947805
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 28 Oct 2026.
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