Photothermally enhanced laccase-mimetic CaMnO₃ enables full-dimensional signal harvesting for self-powered electrochromic immunosensing of stratifin.

Authors

Xiaosong Wang, Lihong Gao, Boxun Li, Shuaibo Hu, Xiangyu Ma, Xuejun Zhou, Hong Dai

Published in

Analytica chimica acta. Volume 1425. Pages 346344. Dec 01, 2026. Epub Sep 30, 2026.

Abstract

Self-powered enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are attractive for portable biosensing but are inherently restricted by low power output and single-channel signal readout. Herein, a photothermal-enhanced self-powered immunosensor was proposed to realize full-dimensional signal harvesting, in which a single recognition event is converted into four correlated readouts that provide mutual cross-validation for the sensitive detection of stratifin (SFN). Specifically, CaMnO₃ perovskite served as a bifunctional material on the bioanode, functioning simultaneously as a laccase-mimicking nanozyme with strong substrate affinity (K_m = 0.073 mM) and a photothermal agent with a light-to-heat conversion efficiency of 65.3%. Under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation, the photothermal effect accelerated the laccase-mimicking oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol to form a red electrolyte, while the enhanced electron flux charged a matched capacitor and reduced the oxidized polyoxometalate cathode, switching its electrochromic film from yellow to blue. Accordingly, the anode open-circuit voltage, the circuit instantaneous current, the electrolyte absorbance, and the cathode RGB value were acquired within a single measurement cycle as four readouts. The sensor exhibited linear ranges of 10^-7 to 1 ng mL^-1 with a limit of detection of 3.3 × 10^-8 ng mL^-1 for the two electrochemical readouts and 10^-6 to 1 ng mL^-1 with a limit of detection of 3.3 × 10^-7 ng mL^-1 for the two colorimetric readouts, together with recoveries of 95.95% to 105% in human serum. This work provides a generalizable design strategy that integrates photothermal-enhanced enzyme catalysis, capacitor-amplified current output, and electrochromic visual transduction for low-cost, self-powered point-of-care diagnostics. The four readouts are correlated rather than fully independent, and the present prototype still requires an external light source.

PMID:
42951507
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 29 Oct 2026.

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