Factors that Steer Women Away From Surgical Specialties.

Authors

Maria Gala Santini Araujo, Courtney Grimsrud Miller

Published in

Foot and ankle clinics. Volume 31. Issue 4. Pages 533-539. Epub Aug 11, 2026.

Abstract

Although women now enter medical school in equal or greater numbers than men, they remain under-represented in most surgical specialties. Contributing factors include work-life balance concerns, lack of female mentors, stereotypes, implicit bias, and limited opportunities for advancement. Orthopedic surgery has the lowest female representation among medical specialties. However, targeted initiatives like mentorship programs, inclusive leadership, and pipeline efforts show promise in reducing the gender gap. Addressing these barriers is essential for equity in medicine and the future of a diverse, inclusive surgical workforce.

PMID:
42951397
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 29 Oct 2026.

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