Authors
Jianguo Gao, Xinyu Dong, Xingjuan Gao, Yanqing Wu, Yingzhi Lu, Yuwei Zhao, Xiaoqing Cai
Published in
International journal of biological macromolecules. Pages 155090. Oct 30, 2026. Epub Oct 30, 2026.
Abstract
Combination therapy has attracted widespread attention in the field of cancer treatment. However, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment makes it difficult to achieve precise targeting and controlled drug release at the tumor site. Therefore, this study developed a multifunctional delivery system (LEVs-Gel@DOX/Ce6) that integrates combination therapy with smart controlled release: Lemon extracellular vesicles (LEVs) were used as the carrier scaffold to load doxorubicin (DOX) and dihydropyrrole e6 (Ce6) into nanoparticles, which were then dispersed in a smart hydrogel (Gel) composed of oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs). Following intratumoral injection combined with 660 nm laser irradiation (Laser, +L), the system utilizes the hydrogel's local reservoir function to achieve prolonged drug retention while enabling precise, pH-responsive drug release. Through the synergistic effects of chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy, this system directly kills tumor cells by activating apoptosis and ferrocytosis pathways, induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) to stimulate an antitumor immune response, and simultaneously inhibits autophagolysosomal degradation and tumor cell proliferation. In vivo tumor suppression experiments showed that the system achieved a 92.32% inhibition rate against 4T1 breast cancer, delivering highly effective and low-toxicity therapeutic outcomes and providing a novel strategy for the precision treatment of breast cancer.
PMID:
42963020
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 31 Oct 2026.
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