Authors
Thi Kim Dung Nguyen, Thi Lan Anh Ke, Van Linh Pham, Xuan Thuy Tran, Thanh Binh Vu
Published in
Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare. Volume 7. Pages 1924740. Epub Oct 16, 2026.
Abstract
This study examined serum vitamin B12 status and associated clinical factors among Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving metformin.
This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 400 eligible patients treated with metformin for at least 6 months and recruited by non-probability convenience sampling at two hospitals in Thai Binh, Vietnam. The study-defined outcome was serum vitamin B12 <300 pg/mL, comprising absolute deficiency (<200 pg/mL) and marginal status (200 to <300 pg/mL). Associations were examined using univariable analysis and the reported exploratory multivariable logistic regression model.
Overall, 103 participants (25.75%) met the combined threshold: 29 (7.25%) had absolute deficiency and 74 (18.50%) had marginal status. In the reported adjusted model, metformin use >5 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-3.18) and anemia (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.62-7.23) were associated with the outcome. The macrocytosis estimate was highly imprecise.
Low serum vitamin B12 was common in this hospital-based sample. Periodic assessment merits consideration during prolonged metformin therapy, with use >5 years serving as a pragmatic prompt rather than a validated testing threshold. Unexplained anemia or neuropathic symptoms warrant assessment when deficiency is suspected, regardless of treatment duration. The adjusted findings remain exploratory and do not establish causality or model robustness.
PMID:
42964166
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 31 Oct 2026.
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