The gut microbiome in immunotherapy - lessons learned from melanoma and implications for gastrointestinal tumors.

Authors

Johannes Raphael Westphal, Lukas Macke, Christiana Graf, Christian Schulz

Published in

Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology. Volume 83. Pages 102154. Epub Oct 13, 2026.

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape in both hematology and oncology. Critically, persistent remissions are achieved in up to 50 % of patients. As a result, there is an increasing demand for the identification of predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Bacterial species of the gastrointestinal microbiome have been suggested to fill in that gap at an early time point. Critically, most studies have initially been conducted in patients suffering from tumor entities outside of the gastrointestinal tract, meaning that insights into the role of the gut microbiome in immunotherapy are mostly available for diseases such as metastatic malignant melanoma. Within this context, this narrative review summarizes four key lessons from immunotherapy research in melanoma and highlights their implications for the still-growing body of evidence on gastrointestinal cancers.
Lessons learned from immunotherapy in malignant melanoma.

PMID:
42971667
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 03 Nov 2026.

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