Authors
Simone Sbalchiero, Catherine Petit, Olivier Huck, Pierre-Yves Gegout
Published in
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). Volume 157. Issue 11. Pages 1343-1357.e3.
Abstract
Periodontal diagnosis relies on past clinical damage. Salivary biomarkers offer noninvasive insight into current disease activity and the potential for progression, prompting evaluation of their diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with periodontitis.
Original human studies assessing salivary biomarkers in systemically healthy people with periodontitis were included. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Designs comprised cross-sectional and interventional studies that identified and evaluated biomarker levels, their association with disease severity, and changes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy across different clinical settings.
Across 11 included studies, several biomarkers were significantly associated with periodontitis. However, sample sizes varied, and outcome measures were reported inconsistently across studies (1.5-10 mL). Oxidative stress biomarkers were elevated, whereas antioxidant capacity was reduced. Proinflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, were associated with active disease and decreased after therapy. Alterations in bone metabolism, including reduced osteoprotegerin levels, correlated with periodontal tissue destruction. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 consistently reflected periodontal breakdown and responded sensitively to treatment.
Overall, biomarker levels were associated with disease severity and generally improved after successful periodontal interventions. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 showed promising diagnostic and monitoring potential. Collectively, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and bone metabolism biomarkers may provide valuable information regarding disease activity and response to periodontal treatment. Salivary biomarkers may enable noninvasive identification of active periodontitis, risk stratification, and treatment monitoring, complementing clinical measures and improving personalized periodontal care pending further standardized longitudinal validation for routine practice. This systematic review was registered in Open Science Framework (registration doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/3THU6).
PMID:
42971682
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 03 Nov 2026.
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