Microenvironment-adaptive nanozyme biomaterials for diabetic wound regeneration: materials chemistry, catalytic networks and tissue-specific delivery.

Authors

Kuo Yan, Wei Wei, Xiuli Zhou, Yuqi Zhang, Yue Sun, Lin Wang, Yi Li

Published in

Journal of materials chemistry. B. Nov 05, 2026. Epub Nov 05, 2026.

Abstract

Diabetic wounds are sustained by a dynamically coupled microenvironment characterised by hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, hypoxia, persistent infection and defective inflammatory resolution. Importantly, these abnormalities are not only therapeutic targets but also chemical boundary conditions that determine nanozyme catalysis by regulating substrate availability, electron transfer, active-site accessibility and mass transport. This review therefore moves beyond the conventional classification of nanozymes according to material type or nominal enzyme-like activity and establishes a structure-microenvironment-catalysis-delivery-regeneration framework for diabetic wound therapy. We critically analyse how metal valence, defect chemistry, coordination environments, heterointerfacial charge transfer, pore architecture and surface biointerfaces determine catalytic behaviour under wound-relevant conditions. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, catalase (CAT)-, peroxidase (POD)-, oxidase (OXD)- and glucose oxidase (GOx)-like activities are interpreted as an interconnected reaction network involving substrate generation and competition, oxygen consumption and production, and stage-dependent changes in the balance between antibacterial oxidation and regenerative redox regulation. Delivery matrices are considered integral components of the catalytic system because they regulate nanozyme retention, substrate transport and active-site exposure. Diabetes-associated oral wounds are further discussed as a tissue-specific stress test characterised by salivary clearance, polymicrobial biofilms, mechanical disturbance and coupled soft-hard tissue regeneration. Finally, priorities for wound-relevant catalytic benchmarking, mechanistic attribution, biosafety, manufacturing reproducibility and clinical translation are proposed.

PMID:
42985789
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 05 Nov 2026.

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