Azimuth-resolving underwater source tracking with a vertical line array using adiabatic normal modes.

Authors

Jakob Möderl, F Hunter Akins, Florian Meyer

Published in

JASA express letters. Volume 6. Issue 11. Nov 01, 2026.

Abstract

Passive acoustic monitoring supports detection and tracking of underwater sources. This paper presents azimuth-resolving underwater source tracking with a vertical line array by combining environmental asymmetry, array tilt, and Bayesian tracking. A bathymetry-dependent model based on adiabatic normal modes provides range-, depth-, and azimuth-dependent replicas. A particle-based single-Bernoulli filter uses these replicas to jointly estimate source existence, horizontal position, and velocity in two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, source depth, and uncertain array tilt. Application to tonal SWellEx-96 S5 data demonstrates horizontal tracking of a shallow towed source, with at least 90% of horizontal position and bearing errors below 600 m and 16.5°, respectively, for converged realizations.

PMID:
43002111
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 09 Nov 2026.

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