Variable presentation of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia diagnosed by platelet crossmatch studies: a case series.

Authors

Nidhi Jain, Chandan Shanthakumar, Ashish Jain, Ajay Kumar, Sangeeta Pahuja

Published in

Journal of tropical pediatrics. Volume 72. Issue 6. Oct 09, 2026.

Abstract

Alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a significant cause of severe thrombocytopenia and intracranial bleeding in neonates, resulting from the transfer of maternal antibodies against paternal platelet antigens through the placenta. Although its incidence is estimated at 1 in 2500 births, it is frequently underdiagnosed in developing countries due to its varied presentations and the lack of available diagnostic tests. We report a series of three Indian neonates-one preterm and two full-term-who were stable at birth but showed severe thrombocytopenia. Two of the infants developed intracranial hemorrhages, while the third exhibited multiple petechiae over the body parts. All three were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), leading to a favorable response. Diagnosis was confirmed by platelet cross-match studies. In the absence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) studies, confirming incompatibility between the baby's serum and paternal platelets is essential for diagnosis. Prompt identification and treatment or cross-matched platelet transfusions are crucial for management of NAIT.

PMID:
43007923
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 11 Nov 2026.

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