Actigraphy-estimated rest-activity rhythm characteristics of adolescents by sociodemographic factors and their association with adiposity.

Authors

Misol Kwon, Pin-Wei Chen, Jessica E Decker, Philip Gehrman, Babette Zemel, Jonathan A Mitchell

Published in

Sleep health. Nov 10, 2026. Epub Nov 10, 2026.

Abstract

Characterize 24-hour rest-activity rhythm patterns among adolescents transitioning from middle to high school and examine associations with adiposity outcomes.
Longitudinal observational data from the Sleep and Growth Study were analyzed. Count per minute data from actigraphy were processed using ActCR and GGIR packages to estimate non-parametric and cosine-based rest-activity rhythm metrics. Sociodemographic factors (sex, race, grade level, parental education, household income), pubertal status, and season were captured. Adiposity outcomes (fat mass index and visceral fat area) were estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear mixed-effects and quantile regression modeling were used to analyze the data.
The analytical sample included 107 adolescents at baseline (45.8% female; mean [SD] age, 13.9 [0.4] years) and 85 adolescents at follow-up (50.6% female; mean [SD] age, 14.9 [0.4] years). In longitudinal mixed-effects models, adolescents in ninth grade, relative to eighth grade, exhibited lower mesor and amplitude, reduced day-to-day stability (lower interdaily stability), and greater within-day variability (higher intradaily variability). Irrespective of grade, female adolescents had higher amplitudes, advanced pubertal status associated with later timing of peak activity (later acrophase and M10 midpoint), and those from households with incomes ≥$100,000 had an earlier peak inactivity (earlier L5 midpoint). Rest-activity rhythm metrics were not associated with fat mass index, fat mass index z score, or visceral fat area in a pattern indicative of obesity using quantile regression.
Rest-activity rhythm patterns changed from eighth to ninth grades, with select sociodemographic and developmental factors associated with rest-activity rhythm patterns. There was no evidence rest-activity rhythm patterns associated with clinically relevant levels of adiposity outcomes.

PMID:
43009347
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 11 Nov 2026.

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