Authors
Hanae Nagata, Naoki Kondo, Maho Haseda, Koichiro Shiba, Sho Takeda, Koryu Sato
Published in
Preventive medicine. Pages 108697. Nov 10, 2026. Epub Nov 10, 2026.
Abstract
To examine associations between three-year participation patterns in a workplace health promotion program and metabolic syndrome-related indicators among employees at a Japanese company, overall and by National Health Guidance eligibility.
This cohort study used health checkups, participation, and human resources data collected in Japan from April 2018 to September 2021. Of 3697 employees, 797 were censored; 2900 had complete participation information for 2019-2021. Eight participation patterns were examined. Outcomes in 2021 included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1c. Longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation using SuperLearner with logit-link generalized linear models addressed measured time-varying confounding and censoring.
Compared with nonparticipation, most patterns were associated with lower estimated BMI and waist circumference. The largest waist circumference differences were for participation in 2020 and 2021 (-1.73 cm; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.30, -1.15) and in all three years (-1.19 cm; 95% CI, -1.65, -0.74). Other outcomes were less consistent. Estimated differences in BMI and waist circumference tended to be more negative among guidance-eligible employees.
Repeated and recent participation may be associated with lower BMI and waist circumference. Supporting sustained participation and re-engagement may benefit workplace programs.
PMID:
43009069
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 11 Nov 2026.
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