Authors
Kun Li, Shiyu Zhang, Xu Hu, Zhigang Yan, Jijun Wang, Yongli Jiang, Feng Feng, Kexiang Gao, Xiaolong Sun, Hua Yuan
Published in
Frontiers in neuroscience. Volume 20. Pages 1995232. Epub Oct 28, 2026.
Abstract
Objective and circuit-level biomarkers of consciousness are urgently needed for disorders of consciousness.
We recorded high-density electroencephalography from 33 patients with disorders of consciousness (17 vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 16 minimally conscious state) and 19 healthy controls during rest and auditory stimulation, and combined source-localized microstate analysis with hypothesis-generating Granger causality analysis.
Source microstate 3 (right prefrontal) and microstate 4 (parieto-occipital-temporal) showed diametrically opposite dynamics: microstate 3 was enhanced in the vegetative state whereas microstate 4 coverage and occurrence were higher in the minimally conscious state, revealing a fronto-posterior opponent imbalance. In repeated internal cross-validation within this cohort, microstate 4 occurrence discriminated the two patient groups (area under the curve = 0.812, 95% confidence interval 0.647-0.945). Hypothesis-generating connectivity analysis nominally implicated stronger right middle temporal-to-precuneus information flow in the minimally conscious state, a signal that did not survive network-level multiplicity correction.
Source-resolved microstates thus reveal opposing cortical dynamics associated with consciousness level.
PMID:
43016435
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Nov 2026.
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